• Standard construction equipment and vehicles will be procured and utilised.
• All equipment and vehicles will be periodically maintained and repaired in order to minimize emissions including engine tuning, filter cleaning etc.
• Vehicles and equipment that fail to meet emission limits and standards will not be operated / used until adequate servicing, testing and maintenance has been conducted. EPC contractor will maintain records of equipment maintenance and repairs.
• Equipment exhaust will be directed upwards wherever possible.
• Idling of vehicles and equipment will not be permitted. Where appropriate, electrically powered equipment will be used instead of gasoline or diesel powered equipment.
• All hazardous materials including chemicals, paints, cleaning agents, solvents and solvent containing products will be adequately sealed in labelled containers at the end of each day by the contractor. After sealing the materials, all containers will be stored in contained areas (i.e. 110 % containment).
• In case of onsite storage of fuel oil, fixed roof tanks or alternatively adequately designed fuel dispensing tankers will be provided.
• Tanks and fittings will be periodically inspected to eliminate leaks.
• Dedicated and enclosed painting booths and fabrication yards will be provided.
• Adequate PPEs will be provided to workers to reduce inhalation of toxic fumes.

• Site clearing will be minimised. Removal of topsoil at any one time will be limited to that necessary to provide for construction.
• No deliberate burning of waste materials will be allowed.
• All vehicles carrying fine materials will be covered to avoid spillage and wind disturbance of materials. Covers will be maintained in good condition, free of any excessive tears.
• All vehicles will strictly adhere to speed limits on seal roads or access ways.
• EPC contractor will take precautions like water sprinkling of un-surfaced areas, excavations etc. to reduce the dust levels as required.
• EPC contractor will pave the access road to the site to minimise the amount of dust generated by truck movements entering and leaving the site.
• Progressive rehabilitation of disturbed areas will be carried out throughout the construction period where practicable.
• Height of the stockpiles will be maintained at a 2:1 slope, compacted as necessary, at designated areas only.
• Training of sub-contractors and employees will include dust reduction measures.

• Top soil (8-10 cm) will be preserved and re-lay after backfilling of excavated area or use for landscaping in the project site.
• Wadi channel to be rehabilitated after its shifting and training.
• Creation of similar substrate to existing one in and around the wadi will be explored to enable re-colonisation of native vegetation including endemic species like E. hadramautica and C. Chascaniflorus.
• A green belt will be created along the southern fenceline of the proposed site.
• To the extent possible, native tree species should be planted along the trained wadi channel and in the green belt. Some tree species suggested for creation of green belt include - P. cineraria, A. tortilis, Ziziphus spina-christi, Z. leucodermis, Phoenix dactylifera etc. Planting of native species will not only enhance plant diversity but it will also enhance bird diversity by attracting frugivorous birds (birds feeding on fruits). It will also impart naturalness.
• Monitoring of invasive species Prosopis juliflora: P. juliflora recolonisation within the site boundaries should be monitored and its removal program should be undertaken at regular intervals.
• Off road driving will be strictly prohibited..

In addition to the above measures, the following measures will be considered, provided they are found to be physically and commercially feasible:

• Conservation of endemic species - individuals of E. hadramautica and C. chascaniflorus could be rescued and recovered before training of wadi channel and these could reintroduced after shifting and training of wadi channel and in the green belt once suitable substrate is created.
• Conservation of native vegetation: It is most likely that after creation of suitable substrate, native species of plants will colonize the disturbed area (i.e., the trained wadi channel). However one of the effective ways of ensuring colonization by native species is broadcasting of seeds, and planting of cuttings and transplantation small herbs and shrubs. This will involve collection of propagation material (seeds, cuttings, naked seedlings etc.) within site and from its immediate surrounding before shifting and training of wadi channel.

• Equipment that complies with the applicable noise standard will only be procured and used.
• Prior to commencement of particularly noisy operations, a procedure detailing the method of work, program, predicted noise levels and manufacturers specifications for equipment and machinery, will be developed by the EPC contractor.
• All noisy equipment will be with effective silencers and noise reducing insulation as practical.
• Work practices will be adopted to avoid continuous emissions (e.g. equipment will be switched off where possible).
• Where practical, noise emissions will be controlled by the erection of acoustic shielding.
• If elevated noise levels are encountered, the source of noise will be identified and alternative methods or additional control measures will be implemented.
• Speed limit will be imposed on the site to minimize noise emissions.
• Idling of vehicles and equipment will not be permitted. Where appropriate, electrically powered equipment will be used instead of gasoline or diesel powered equipment.
• Equipment and machinery will be properly maintained to minimize noise generation.
• EPC contractor will investigate noise complaints and excesses of any agreed maximum acceptable levels immediately.
• Regular noise monitoring will be performed at site and will take into account any requirement set by regulators.

• Temporary direction signs will be placed at appropriate locations and at approved routes for access road to work strip and other work sites.
• HSE personnel at site will adequately advise the workforce through toolbox meetings and awareness programs to strictly adhere to the demarcated area. Work supervisors will be responsible for their crew to follow such restrictions.
• Material will be covered using plastic sheeting to minimise wind erosion and storm water ingress into material.
• Waste generated at site will be classified as non-hazardous waste and hazardous waste. The waste streams will be separated into the appropriate categories and stored in authorised locations for appropriate disposal.
• Internal roads carrying medium traffic and light vehicles will be gravelled to suppress dust. Whenever required appropriate dust suppression work will be undertaken.

• For the construction of drainage lines, drain surface should be rock-lined to minimize erosion.
• Immediate re-vegetation (wherever needed) following completion of works.
• Area near the wadi will be protected / reinstated in such a way that there will be no obstruction to flow of water. Preventive measures will be in place to meet emergency flooding conditions.
• After the completion of construction work, the site will be handed over to the owner in a clean and tidy manner.

• An inventory will be maintained for all potentially hazardous materials and chemicals as per manufacturer’s instructions and MSDS.
• All chemical and fuel storage will be provided with adequate containment / bunded area. Bulk Fuel will be placed in stable and contained area, lined with suitable impermeable material with a capacity of 110% of storage fuel.
• Waste skips will be closed at all times (except during emptying/collection).
• All storage areas will be inspected regularly for cracks, holes, etc.
• Onsite fuelling, vehicle or equipment washing, and maintenance will not be allowed.
• Waste management activities will be monitored to ensure no cross-contamination takes place;
• Spill kits will be made available onsite and at appropriate locations especially near bulk storage locations.
• Release of any liquid materials that can potentially infiltrate and contaminate groundwater will be prevented.
• Personnel will be trained on emergency and spill response, containment, material handling and storage procedures.
• Hydro-test water will be reused to the extent possible for multiple hydro-tests. If the used hydro-test water quality does complies with the land discharge standards prescribed in RD 115/2001 and MD 145/93, then the water may be discharged on land (sacrificial discharge, greenbelt development, dust suppression, etc.). In case of noncompliance, the hydro-test water will be collected in a lined evaporation pit.
• Sanitary wastewater from camps and offices will be collected in holding tanks for further treatment at the nearest STP in Salalah.

• Activity based water requirement plan will be prepared, identifying potential opportunities for minimizing water consumption. Actual consumption of water will be monitored and recorded on a monthly basis.
• Relevant water quality parameters especially for drinking purpose will be monitored on a regular basis.

The purpose of this control measures are to provide effective methods for storage, collection, handling, transportation, recycling/reuse and disposal of solid wastes during the operation phase of the proposed project. The objective of the control measures are:

• To describe how the wastes materials will be managed, handled, recorded and disposed of within the applicable requirements / regulations.
• To provide guidance for the waste material management to protect human health and to minimize the impact on the receiving environment.
• To control the amount of waste generated by reducing waste at source through good operating practices and implementation of waste reduction principles. and
• To give guidance and disposal of wastes in a safe manner through hierarchical application of reuse, recycling,
  recovery, treatment and final disposal in approved disposal sites.

The most important step in the whole waste management process is to assess the hazardous nature. This basic information is required to decide the appropriate waste management practices for a specific waste, and to determine its principal disposal options. Hazardous waste is defined as any waste having hazardous properties that is harmful or toxic to human health/life and/or the environment.

• Suitable storage areas (adequately designed and sized to protect from rains, to prevent any run offs, and to secure from any unauthorized access) will be provided for segregated collection of wastes.
• Sizing of such areas will be in accordance with the expected waste quantities and the frequency of disposal.
• The waste containers holding the waste material will be suitably labelled for easy identification of material.
• Applicable approvals will be obtained from the authorities in order to dispose the solid wastes.
• Metal scrap, wood scrap, empty containers of non-hazardous materials, packing materials, etc., will be collected, segregated and recycled to scrap dealers as feasible and the non-recyclable waste will be disposed of to an approved municipal dumpsites.
• Non-hazardous wastes will not be mixed with hazardous wastes at any time. Non-hazardous wastes suspected to be contaminated with hazardous wastes will be treated as hazardous wastes.
• Only the approved transporters will be engaged for waste transport.
• Waste manifests will be maintained as per the requirement of the regulators.
• Training, tool box talks and posters will be placed across the site for adequate waste management, awareness and communication.
• Waste monitoring will take place onsite on a regular basis to ensure that adequate waste management is implemented.

• Suitable storage area (adequately designed to protect from rains and to prevent any run offs) with impervious flooring, bunds, roof and spill collection facilities as appropriate will be provided for collection and segregated storage of hazardous wastes.
• The sizing of such areas will be in accordance with the expected waste quantities and the frequency of recycling/disposal.
• The waste skips/containers holding the waste material will be properly labelled indicating the material, hazardous nature, etc.
• Contaminated soil generated due to accidental spills will be stored in a dyked and sheltered area with impervious flooring and cover to minimise blowing away by wind, run off and infiltration;
• Any spills/leaks from the waste containers onto land will be immediately remediated to minimise the potential to soil and groundwater contamination.
• Hazardous wastes will not be mixed with non-hazardous wastes at any time. Non-hazardous wastes suspected to be contaminated with hazardous wastes will be considered as hazardous wastes.
• Potential opportunities for recycle/reuse will be considered for wastes as feasible. Potential for returning to the suppliers to be explored for wastes such as unused chemicals, empty containers of hazardous materials, etc.
• Suitable PPEs will be used by workers handling hazardous wastes.
• Waste manifests for hazardous wastes will be maintained as per the requirement of the regulators.
• Only approved transporters to be used for transportation of hazardous waste materials.
• Waste monitoring will take place onsite on a regular basis to ensure that adequate waste management is implemented.

• Items listed in the MECA banned category of chemicals will not be used.
• No chemicals and substances will be purchased unless the MSDS has been evaluated and pre-screened.
• Chemicals will be pre-screened according to the following criteria: lowest toxicity, lowest bioaccumulation potential and highest biodegradation.
• Before receiving a hazardous material, information on proper handling, storage and disposal of the material contained in MSDS must be forwarded by the supplier.
• The MSDS shall again be reviewed prior to use.
• Chemicals that can be purchased locally shall be requested on an as needed basis to avoid unnecessary storage.

• Protective caps will be placed over the cylinder valves when not in use or when being transported.
• Compressed gas cylinders will be kept away from heat, fire, molten metal, or electrical lines, and not transported by mobile cranes unless a special carrier is used.
• Compressed gas cylinders will be stored in upright position. If stored outside a covered area, then well ventilated areas will be provided.
• Liquid compressed gas cylinders will never be used in a horizontal position, as the liquid may be forced out through the hose causing a fire hazard or explosion.